NA-931 (Bioglutyd) – chemical identity, receptor mechanisms, clinical trials, and limitations of the evidence

NA-931 is the developmental designation of an experimental substance developed by Biomed Industries, also known as Bioglutyd (Bioglutide or BioGlutide). This name appears in scientific reports, clinical trial registries, and product development communications. Although NA-931 also appears in peptide-related searches, its manufacturer describes it as a small molecule intended for oral administration. The publicly available evidence does not allow for unequivocal confirmation of the full chemical structure or for NA-931 to be independently classified as a conventional peptide. The name itself should therefore not replace chemical identification. 1 2

The publicly available documentation includes reports from scientific conferences describing experiments on animals and early studies in humans, as well as entries in clinical trial registries.

It would therefore not be correct to state that no results of the studies on NA-931 have been published.

At the same time, the conference summaries and the manufacturer’s statements cannot be considered a complete, independently repeated package of clinical evidence.

What is NA-931? Names, synonyms, and identity of the substance

Distinguishing between developmental code and confirmed chemical identity is of fundamental importance.

The name may allow for a reliable association of publications belonging to a single research program, but it does not necessarily reveal the molecular structure or confirm the identity of materials sold by independent entities.

Medibid Industries clearly uses the names Bioglutide and NA-931 in reference to the same research candidate. 1

This confirms the naming association within the development program, but does not constitute an independent verification of the composition of all products that use any of these names.

The development code can be consistently used in research long before the full chemical characterization is publicly available.

To link such a candidate to a sample from an independent source, verified structural and analytical data would be needed.

Conforming labeling, a single chromatographic peak or a declared purity percentage are not sufficient to confirm equivalence if the identity of the reference substance remains undetermined.

Why is NA-931 described as an agonist of three or four receptors?

The terminology in the available publications is not entirely uniform.

In a 2024 animal study summary, NA-931 and related compounds were described as agonists of three receptors.

Later reports present NA-931 as an agonist of four receptors. 3 4

This difference should be kept in mind when presenting the history of the research.

It does not allow itself to determine whether the structure of the molecule has been altered, its pharmacological characteristics expanded, or whether the terminology has merely been updated.

Therefore, NA-931 is best identified as a developmental code associated with Bioglutydine, clearly separating the confirmed nomenclature from the not fully verified molecular identity.

How is NA-931 classified? Peptide, protein, mixture, or other substance?

The classification NA-931 requires an answer to two separate questions: what the substance is chemically and what pharmacological effect it is attributed to.

The first issue requires structural evidence, while the second requires appropriately controlled receptor studies.

None of them can be determined solely based on the name of the product or its presence in peptide search results.

Based on the published materials cited, NA-931 should be described as an experimental candidate that the manufacturer classifies as a low molecular weight compound.

Such a classification is also used in the summary of the Phase 2 study from 2025. 5 2

The peptide sequence, the fully defined chemical structure, or a verifiable pattern of identity were not confirmed in the sources analyzed for the purposes of this article.

Does the term „small molecule compound” exclude a peptide structure?

Not in every case.

The categories „monosaccharide linkage” and „peptide” are not completely distinct chemically, because a short peptide can also have a relatively small molecular mass.

Therefore, the term itself used by the manufacturer does not resolve all structural questions.

The most important conclusion is that the available evidence does not justify unequivocally identifying NA-931 as a conventional peptide that acts on multiple hormone systems, nor does it support its unconfirmed amino acid sequence.

The term „agonist of four receptors” also does not identify the chemical composition of the substance.

This is a pharmacological claim regarding activity against four receptor systems, and not an information that the product contains four hormones or four separate ingredients.

Confirmation of such activity requires receptor data obtained for the same, uniquely identified substance.

The name Bioglutyd also does not indicate a chemical relationship with approved drugs acting on the GLP-1 receptor.

The nomenclature, mechanism of action, and molecular structure are different types of information that must be verified independently.

The structure and chemical composition of NA-931 – what has been confirmed?

Incomplete public structural documentation constitutes an important limitation of interpretation.

Without a verified structure or a validated reference pattern, claims regarding the summary pattern, stereochemistry, peptide sequence, or equivalence to a product from another supplier would be speculative.

Therefore, in this review, uncertainty was retained instead of attributing the NA-931 to a chemically plausible but unconfirmed identity.

The materials cited document the nomenclature of the research program and describe the proposed pharmacological targets.

However, they do not provide sufficient verified information to present a definitive amino acid sequence, molecular formula, stereochemical characterization, or unambiguous identity of the synthesized compound.

Is NA-931 an IGF-1 metabolite?

The 2024 conference abstract refers to NA-931 and its analogs NA-932 and NA-933, describing them as IGF-1 metabolites. 3

However, this description does not unequivocally identify a specific chemical structure.

It would not be correct to conclude that NA-931 is identical to a specific, known metabolite without a clear and verifiable structural link.

The lack of a complete characterization is also of practical importance for the interpretation of analytical results.

The cleanliness test measures a specific property of the sample using a specific method.

It does not automatically identify an unknown compound just because the document contains its trade name.

Credible confirmation of identity would require appropriate, mutually complementary analytical methods, validated reference material, and the ability to trace the origin of the substance used in the studies.

Is the oral formulation of NA-931 equivalent to other preparations?

This has not been confirmed.

The ready-made oral formulation must be distinguished from the active substance itself.

Auxiliary substances, dissolution, stability, and systemic exposure all influence whether a given preparation reproduces the conditions used in the study.

The NA-931 oral development program does not confirm the identity or suitability of powders intended for injection or other forms offered under the same name.

The appropriate approach is therefore to discuss the documented program and the reported results, without presenting unresolved chemical issues as established facts.

Scientific studies on NA-931 – results in humans, animals and laboratory data

The available materials differ in their level of detail and evidentiary strength.

Entries in clinical trial registries document the plans and administrative status of the studies.

Conference summaries present selected results.

Company communications present the sponsor's interpretation of the data.

All these sources may be relevant, but their presence on different websites does not mean that the study has been independently replicated.

The conference presentation, press release and registration form can apply to the same participants.

Treating them as three separate studies would lead to inflating the number of available evidence.

Overview of available sources regarding NA-931

These distinctions arise from the original summaries and registration documentation, and not from the number of websites duplicating the information. 3 4 5 6

NA-931 studies in animals

Animal experiments are useful for formulating research questions, especially when analyzing metabolic parameters under controlled conditions.

Their significance depends, however, on the specific substance, model, and method of analysis.

If the summary combined the results of NA-931 with those of its analogues, attributing the greatest effect solely to NA-931 would go beyond the available data.

A summary presented at the 2024 American Diabetes Association conference described experiments on obese mice caused by a diet.

NA-931 and two analogues were studied for 14 days, reporting changes in body weight and metabolic parameters. 3

Since the results were summarized for several compounds, it should not be automatically attributed to NA-931 itself the greatest observed effects.

This is an original conference report, not a full experimental publication containing a comparably detailed methodology.

The reduction in body weight in mice also does not confirm sustained weight control in humans, muscle strength preservation, or a clinical safety profile.

Early clinical studies of NA-931 in humans

The study involving humans provides information more directly related to potential clinical application than animal experience.

However, its interpretation still depends on the method of allocation of participants, the course of the study, the observation period, and the statistical methods used.

If the conference summary and the register differ slightly in terms of the number of participants, the discrepancy should be noted and not explained based on assumptions.

Study NCT06615700 – early evaluation in humans

At the 2025 ADA conference, a summary of a short, randomized, placebo-controlled study was presented, associated with the number NCT06615700.

Short-term changes in body weight were described, as well as observations regarding tolerance over 28 days of treatment.

The registry lists a total of 74 participants and the status of the completed study, but does not include the published tables of results. 4 7

The way the information about the number of people receiving the active substance is formulated in the summary does not automatically allow for the allocation of all 74 participants.

Study NCT06564753 – Phase 2 results

The next summary presented at the Endocrine Society conference described a 13-week phase 2 study.

It reported an average weight reduction of 13.8% in one of the groups receiving the active substance.

The material was published in the supplement of the scientific journal, but it still remains a conference abstract, not a full clinical report. 5

The summary lists 125 participants, whereas the related register lists 126 actual participants. 8

An explanation of this difference would require a detailed report presenting the course of the participants' participation in the study.

Why do the percentage results of NA-931 differ between sources?

The same summary gives a value of 12.4% referring to the difference compared to placebo.

Meanwhile, the manufacturer's September 2026 report shows a reduction of 13.8% in the active group compared to 1.9% in the placebo group, which corresponds to a difference of 11.9 percentage points. 5 2

These values should not be combined into a seemingly agreed-upon estimate.

The explanations would require the methods of analysis used and the populations included in the calculations.

The difference between the reported values is not in itself evidence of irregularities, but it limits the precision of the interpretation without access to the full report.

Body composition, muscle mass and safety

Weight loss, change in lean body mass, preservation of skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength are not equivalent results.

The fat-free body mass measured by the DEXA method includes components other than the skeletal muscles themselves.

The percentage change does not confirm the preservation of functional fitness without appropriate additional measurements.

Similarly, claims about safety require complete data regarding adverse events, and not merely selective descriptions of tolerability.

Some previous communications presented body composition results in a categorical manner, suggesting, among other things, the absence of muscle loss.

However, a company announcement from September 2026 describes a decrease in lean body mass measured by DEXA by 1.7% and acknowledges that lean body mass is not the same as skeletal muscle mass. 2

This justifies a cautious interpretation, rather than a claim of proven muscle behavior or functional superiority.

Short reports of mild adverse events cannot confirm the absence of a significant risk.

A full assessment requires the definition of adverse events, the number of people included in the analysis, information about withdrawals from participation, laboratory results, exposure time, and a comparison with placebo.

The promotional summary does not replace the unpublished details.

Clinical development plans for NA-931

The planned research helps to understand what questions scientists intend to answer in the future.

However, they do not provide efficacy results before they are conducted.

Estimated dates in the registries, proposed substance combinations, and announced Phase 3 programs should be presented in the future or conditional timeframe, unless their completion and results have been documented.

In 2026, the manufacturer announced plans for further research, including a proposed program involving oral semaglutide.

The report documents development plans, not the completed Phase 3 study confirming efficacy. 9

The separate entry NCT06732245 regarding research into combination therapy with tirzepatide remained marked as „not yet recruiting”, meaning that the study has not yet begun recruitment.

The estimated dates do not confirm that recruitment has actually begun. 6

Action mechanisms studied in the NA-931 program

The four proposed receptor targets do not automatically mean that all of them are activated at clinically relevant exposure or contribute equally to the observed results.

Confirmation of the receptor mechanism requires data on the concentration–response relationship, appropriate controls for variability, and independent confirmation of chemical identity.

The change in body weight in humans alone does not allow determining which receptor pathway triggered the response.

What four receptor systems are attributed to NA-931?

The development program assigns NA-931 a potential activity against four receptor pathways:

• IGF-1 receptor.
• GLP-1 receptor.
• GIP receptor.
• The glucagon receptor.

These are pharmacological targets reported within the development program, and not independently confirmed evidence of sustained activity against all four receptors. 2

The credibility of such a mechanistic claim would be enhanced by concentration-response experiments, controls specific to individual receptors, data on selectivity, exposure measurements, and independent replication of studies using chemically validated material.

The change in body weight in the clinical study does not indicate which receptor was responsible for the result, nor does it confirm the involvement of all proposed pathways.

Does IGF-1-related activity mean muscle mass retention?

One cannot draw such a conclusion solely based on the mechanism.

An element related to IGF-1 is used to justify the interest in the effect of NA-931 on body composition.

The reasoning that a given pathway is involved in muscle biology, and therefore a substance acting on this pathway preserves muscles, however, omits several necessary steps of evidence.

Researchers would need to measure appropriate tissue changes, take hydration and total weight reduction into account, and assess muscle function if the goal is to confirm an effect on strength or fitness.

Does oral administration explain the pharmacokinetics of NA-931?

No.

The oral route of administration does not specify how much of the unchanged active substance reaches the molecular target, whether metabolites are involved in the action, or whether another formulation is equivalent.

These are pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic questions that require separate data.

A biologically plausible mechanism may justify the experiment, but it does not replace structural identification, receptor validation, or evidence regarding results relevant to patients.

The most important limitations of the evidence regarding NA-931

A cautious scientific review does not have to reject preliminary results.

It should, however, precisely specify what these results confirm: the existence of reports from early studies and possible signals justifying further assessment.

It is equally important to indicate uncertainties such as chemical identity, repeatability of results, complete clinical analyses, long-term safety, and comparisons with approved treatment methods.

Incomplete structural identification

One of the most important limitations is the lack of an independently verified, publicly accessible full structural identity.

Without this information, it is difficult to reliably compare the substance used in the studies with materials from other suppliers.

Limited availability of full clinical publications

The second significant gap is the limited availability of full reports of clinical trials.

In a PubMed search using the exact name, no records were found, but searching the publisher’s websites enabled the identification of the relevant conference abstracts, including material available in PubMed Central.

PubMed, PubMed Central and the broader scientific literature do not contain exactly the same resources.

The lack of results for the exact phrase in PubMed cannot therefore be equated with a lack of published studies.

Discrepancies between reported results

Available reports contain differences in the number of participants, receptor descriptions, and estimates of results compared to placebo.

These are reasons to obtain explanations and more complete documentation, but they are not sufficient to independently create agreed-upon results or formulate claims regarding the studies.

Short observation period and limited independence of evidence

The remaining limitations include a short observation period, incomplete information about the course of the participants' participation, the handling of missing data, and a significant dependence of the available reports on materials related to the manufacturer.

There is also a lack of verified, direct comparative human study that would justify claims that NA-931 is superior to the approved drugs.

Comparison conducted on mice and the comparison of results from different clinical studies cannot replace such evidence.

Experimental status and lack of approval

A September 2026 manufacturer's notice describes NA-931 as an experimental substance not permitted for commercial use. 2

Entry in the clinical trials registry, the DOI number of the abstract, a patent or an online offer do not change the developmental status of the marketing authorization for a medicinal product.

The available documentation therefore remains preliminary, rather than complete, from a point of view of clinical decision-making.

It allows the named development program and the reported results to be discussed, leaving however important questions regarding the chemistry, repeatability, durability of clinical effects and safety unanswered.

Frequently asked questions about NA-931 (Bioglutyd)

1. Does NA-931 mean a specific substance?

NA-931 identifies the candidate in the manufacturer’s nomenclature system, but in this review no definitive public structural identity has been established. This distinction is important when comparing studies with products from independent suppliers. A consistent development name can identify a research program without independent verification of all materials sold under that designation. 1 The association of names is therefore the starting point for searching for literature, not a proof of molecular equivalence of independently obtained samples.

2. What do the available studies on NA-931 confirm?

They confirm that the results of animal studies and early human studies have been presented in conference abstracts and manufacturer’s communications. These reports contain preliminary signals, but do not constitute a complete, independently replicated package of evidence of efficacy and safety. 3 4 5 The conclusions should be based on the available methodology and reporting details, not on promotional language. Full protocols, previously defined endpoints, detailed participant data, and independent confirmation in larger studies would increase credibility.

3. Is NA-931 definitely a peptide?

Such a classification has not been confirmed in the verified sources analyzed for the purposes of the article. The manufacturer and the summary of the Phase 2 study identify NA-931 as a small molecule compound, while the definitive structure has not been confirmed. 5 Because molecular categories may partially overlap for small molecules, the safest scientific approach is to present the declared classification with the structural uncertainty intact. The amino acid sequence should not be invented based on receptors or the „-glutide” ending in the name.

4. Are NA-931 and Bioglutide the same candidate drug?

Yes. The manufacturer clearly links the two names. This association makes it easier to find literature and prevents double counting of the same research program. 1 However, it does not confirm that every product labeled as NA-931 or Bioglutide from another supplier has the same chemical identity and formulation as the material used in the studies. When reviewing publications, it is worth considering both names, but repeated reports of the same study should not be counted as separate experiments.

5. Does the term „agonist of four receptors” mean a mixture of four peptides?

No. The term describes the declared activity against four receptor systems, and not necessarily the mixture of four substances. Confirmation of such activity requires appropriate pharmacological studies on the identified compound. 2 The number of proposed receptor targets therefore does not allow for the determination of the number or type of components of the product. However, the four listed pathways do not also demonstrate the same level of efficacy or clinically relevant activity against each of the receptors.

6. Was the amino acid sequence NA-931 determined?

In the validated sources used in this review, no definitive amino acid sequence has been determined. Assigning it based on the seller’s offer or an analogy to another compound would lead to an unwarranted claim of chemical identity. Until the precise structural relationship is verified, the article should discuss the developmental code and evidence without creating unconfirmed sequence details. Any future structural identification should be based on reliable analytical documentation, not an anonymous catalog.

7. Are there published studies of NA-931 in humans, or only promotional materials?

There are published conference abstracts regarding human studies, including reports presented at the ADA and Endocrine Society meetings. Their existence has scientific significance, but the abbreviated form limits the ability to evaluate the methodology, the course of the participants’ participation, and statistical analyses. 4 5 Proper distinction applies to preliminary primary reports and full clinical publications, not to the presence or complete absence of evidence. Conference abstracts are real forms of scientific publication, but they can omit important details regarding methods and missing data.

8. Does the presence of publications in PubMed Central mean that there is a full clinical article?

No. PubMed Central can provide both full scientific articles and conference abstracts. The material discussed regarding Phase 2 NA-931 is a summary published in the journal supplement. 5 The publishing site increases the accessibility of the text, but does not change the scope of the methodological information contained therein. The publication format should therefore be checked independently of the database in which it was published.

9. Does the lack of search results in PubMed prove that no research has been conducted?

No. The indexing scope and content of individual databases differ. Targeted searches in PubMed did not yield results for the exact name, whereas searching in publisher websites allowed finding the appropriate original abstracts. The responsible review should take both findings into account and not turn a negative result from one database into a general statement of a lack of literature. The scope of the search depends on the time and source, therefore conclusions regarding the lack of research should always indicate the limits of the searched resources.

10. Do studies show that no muscle loss occurs during the use of NA-931?

No. The available reports do not support such a categorical claim. A more recent manufacturer’s statement describes a decrease in lean body mass and admits that DEXA measurement is not a direct measurement of skeletal muscle alone. 2 Maintaining muscle and functional benefits therefore require a more comprehensive, appropriately designed assessment. Claims regarding muscle function would additionally have to be based on measurements such as strength or physical fitness, rather than solely on lean body mass.

11. Can the reported percentage of weight reduction be directly compared with the results of another drug?

This cannot be reliably determined without considering the important characteristics of the studies. The duration, characteristics of the participants, the comparator group, the analysis methods, and the handling of missing data can influence the reported percentage result. The discrepancies between the NA-931 summaries further indicate the need for a full report before comparing efficacy with approved drugs. 5 2 The apparent numerical superiority between different studies is not a randomized direct comparison and should not be presented in this way.

12. Does the „completed” status in the registry mean independent confirmation of the results?

No. The status of an ongoing study documents its administrative progress, not the independent verification of the applications. The available entry regarding phase 2 was marked as completed, but did not include the published results tables. 8 The register is an important tool for transparency, but the status field does not replace the results data and critical evaluation. A completed study may still not have a publicly available full report of the results.

13. Does the planned Phase 3 program mean that the results of Phase 3 are available?

No. The announcement of a protocol or development program is not the result of an ongoing study. The 2026 manufacturer’s announcement documents the planned NA-931 studies, including the development of combination therapies. 9 Claims about efficacy in Phase 3 require real results, so scientific plans and determinations should be clearly separated. Future results may change the assessment of the substance, but they cannot be presented in advance as already confirmed.

14. Can animal studies confirm the efficacy and safety of NA-931 in humans?

No. Animal experiments can support biological hypotheses, but they do not establish clinical results in humans. The summary of the NA-931 studies in animals also includes related analogues, which makes it difficult to attribute all the summarized effects to a single molecule. 3 Applications for humans require appropriately reported clinical studies using the identified compound. If several analogues are included in a single summary, data for each of them separately are required.

15. Does the analysis certificate confirm that the product is identical to NA-931?

Not on its own. The analytical certificate is relevant to the identified sample, the appropriate method, the validated standard, and the traceable documentation. A high percentage of purity does not resolve the uncertain chemical identity or confirm equivalence to the clinical formulation. The name itself on the certificate is therefore insufficient. Purity, molecular identity, and pharmaceutical equivalence are separate analytical issues requiring different evidence.

16. Does the NA-931 oral study program confirm the usefulness of injectable products labeled with the same name?

No. A change in the route of administration or the formulation changes the scope of the required evidence. The human research program conducted by the manufacturer concerns an oral experimental substance, and in this review, equivalence of independently offered injectable formulations was not confirmed. 5 The common labeling does not allow for the transfer of efficacy, exposure, or safety results between formulations. Differences in absorption, stability, and exposure mean that the oral study does not validate or confirm the usefulness of another product form.

17. What evidence would most increase the credibility of claims regarding NA-931?

The most significant would be the verified disclosure of the chemical structure, the verifiable analytical characterization, full reports of clinical studies, and the independent replication of the results. It would also be helpful to have a clear explanation of the discrepancies in the number of participants and the estimates of the effects. Until these gaps are filled, the reported signals should remain preliminary and should not be extended to claims of confirmed superiority or safety. Longer observation and independently replicated, fully reported results would be particularly valuable for assessing the durability of the effects and the risk.

Applications

NA-931, or Bioglutyd, remains an experimental candidate described publicly as a small molecule compound that is believed to have activity against many receptor systems.

There are conference abstracts and registries of clinical trials regarding this substance.

However, the available documentation does not allow for confirmation of the definitive peptide structure or a complete clinical balance of benefits and risks.

The most important thing is to maintain this distinction while properly taking into account the results of the tests that have actually been reported.

Educational and medical reservation

The article is of purely scientific and informational nature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or recommendations for the purchase or use of NA-931 (Bioglutid). The substance remains experimental, and its full molecular identity, clinical efficacy, and long-term safety have not been sufficiently confirmed in the sources discussed. The results of early studies or the oral program should not be transferred to products from independent suppliers, especially injectable preparations. The certificate of analysis, study registration, or reported weight change do not confirm the safety of individual use. In matters of health, current regulatory information and consultation with qualified medical personnel should be used.

References

1. Medibid Industries. (n.d.). NA-931 [Developer product-program description]. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from https://www.biomedind.com/NA-931.html
2. Medibio Industries. (2026, September 26). MedBio Industries presents phase 2 results for oral NA-931 at Obesity Science and Innovation Conference in Boston [Press release]. https://biomedind.com/news-NA-931-OSI.html
3. Tran, L. L. (2024). 2059-LB: NA-931, a novel triple IGF-1/GLP-1/GIP incretin receptor agonist, reduces body weight and improves metabolic profile in DIO mice [Conference abstract]. Diabetes, 73(Supplement 1), 2059-LB. https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-2059-LB
4. Tran, L. L. (2025). 143-OR: NA-931, a novel quadruple IGF-1-1, GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist reduces body weight without muscle loss [Abstract from conference]. Diabetes, 74(Supplement 1), 143-OR. https://doi.org/10.2337/db25-143-OR
5. Tran, L., Vu, F., & Tran, Z. V. (2025). Clinical trials of SAT-713 Phase 2 to study subjects who are obese with at least one weight-related comorbid condition [Abstract from conference]. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 9(Supplement 1), Article bvaf149.144. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaf149.144
6. Medibid Industries, Inc. (2026). Safety and Efficacy of NA-931 and Tirzepatide in Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese (NCT06732245) [Clinical trial registration]. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06732245
7. Medibio Industries, Inc. (2024). Phase 1: Study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NA-931 in obese participants and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (NCT06615700) [Clinical trial registration]. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06615700
8. Medibid Industries, Inc. (2025). Phase 2 Trials of NA-931 to Study Subjects Who Are Obese With at Least One Weight-related Comorbid Condition (NCT06564753) [Clinical trial registration]. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06564753
9. Medibio Industries. (2026). MedBio Industries presents phase 3 programs of NA-931 alone and in combination with oral semaglutide for obesity at ADA 2026 [Press release]. https://biomedind.com/news-Phase3-NA-931.html